Definition:
The passive voice is a
grammatical construction (a “voice”) in which the subject of a sentence or
clause denotes the recipient of the action (the patient) rather than the
performer (the agent). In the English language, the English passive voice is a
formed with an auxiliary verb (usually be or get) plus a participle (usually
the past participle) of a transitive verb.
Construction of the
Passive Voice
Subject +
auxiliary verb (be) + main verb (past participle)
The main verb is always
in its past participle form.
Look at these examples:
Subject
|
Auxiliary Verb (to be)
|
Main Verb (past participle)
|
||
Water
|
Is
|
Drunk
|
By everyone
|
|
100 people
|
Are
|
Employed
|
By this company
|
|
I
|
Am
|
Paid
|
In euro
|
|
We
|
Are
|
not
|
Paid
|
In dollars
|
Are
|
They
|
Paid
|
In yen?
|
We use the passive voice
when:
·
We want to make the active object more important
·
We do not know the active subject
Object
|
Verb
|
By Agent
|
|
Give importance to active object
(President Kennedy)
|
President Kennedy
|
Was killed
|
By Lee Harvey Oswald
|
Active subject unknown
|
My wallet
|
Has been stolen
|
?
|
Note that we always use
by to introduce the passive object (Fish are eaten by cats)
We can form the passive
in any tense. In fact, conjugation of verbs in the passive tense is rather
easy, as the main verb is always in past participle form and the auxiliary verb
is always be. To form the required tense, we conjugate the auxiliary verb. So,
for example:
Present simple : It is made
Present continuous : It
is being made
Present perfect :
It has been made
By Agent
To explain what cause a
passive action, we can to use by.
Example:
·
This photo was taken by my friend.
·
I was given this by my brother.
Born
When we speak about
born people certain or event, we can make use of passive shape “to the born”
Example:
·
I was born
in Iran.
·
The twins were born just last year.
Get
Get involve the use of
replaced to be at situation which something happened.
Example:
·
Our flight got cancelled = our flight was
cancelled.
·
I got paid today = I was paid today
Simple Present Tense
Formula:
O + is/am/are + V3 +by
agent
Example:
Active : Arinda meets them everyday.
Passive : They are
met by Arinda everyday.
Simple Past Tense
Formula:
O + were/was + V3 + by
agent
Example:
Active : Ali met them yesterday.
Passive : They were
met by Ali yesterday.
Present Perfect Tense
Formula:
O + has been/have been
+ V3 + by agent
Example:
Active : Kevin has met them.
Passive : They have
been met by Kevin.
Past Perfect Tense
Formula:
O + had been + V3 + by
agent
Example:
Active : Akmal had met them before Cahyo came.
Passive : They had been met by Akmal before Cahyo came.
Simple Future Tense
Formula:
O +will/shall be + V3 +
by agent
Example:
Active : Jeremy will meet them tomorrow.
Passive : They will
be met by Jeremy tomorrow.
Future Perfect Tense
Formula:
O + will have been + V3
+by agent
Example:
Active : Rita will have written a letter.
Passive : A letter will have been written
by Rita.
Past Future Perfect
Tense
Formula:
O + would have been +
V3 + by agent
Example:
Active : Adele would have written a letter.
Passive : A letter would have been written by
Adele.
Present Continuous Tense
Formula:
O + (is, am, are) +
being + V3 + by agent
Example:
Active : Katy is writing a letter.
Passive : A letter is being written by
Katy.
Past Continuous Tense
Formula:
O + (was, were) + being
+ V3 + by agent
Example:
Active : Jennifer was writing a letter.
Passive : A letter was being written by
Jennifer.
Perfect Continuous
Tense
Formula:
O + (has/have) been +
being + V3 + by agent
Example:
Active : Many tourists have
visited that castle.
Passive : That castle has been visited
by many tourists.
Past Perfect Continuous
Tense
Formula:
O + had been + being +
V3 + by agent
Example:
Active : Chef Jones had been preparing
the restaurant's fantastic dinners for two years.
Passive : The restaurant's fantastic dinners had
been being prepared by Chef Jones for two years.
Future Continuous Tense
Formula:
O + will be + being +
V3 + by agent
Example:
Active : John will be washing the dishes at 8:00 PM tonight.
Passive : The dishes will be being washed
by John at 8:00 PM tonight.
Past Future Continuous
Tense
Formula:
O + be + being + V3 +
by agent
Example:
Future Perfect
Continuous Tense
Formula:
O + will have been +
being + V3 + by agent
Example:
Active : The famous artist will have
been painting the mural.
Passive : The mural will have been being painted
by the famous artist.
Past Future Perfect
Continuous Tense
Formula:
O + would have been +
being + V3 + by agent
Example:
Active :
Passive :
Formula
Positive (+) : O +to be + V3 + by
agent
Negative (-) : O + to be + not + V3 +
by agent
Interrogative (?) : to be + O + V3 + by agent
Example:
Positive (+) : About motorcycle was
dreamed by him last lessons.
Negative (-) : About motorcycle was
not dreamed by him last lessons.
Interrogative (?) : Was about motorcycle dreamed by
him last lessons?
Present Perfect Tense
Formula:
O + has been/have been
+ V3 + by agent
Past Perfect Tense
Formula:
O + had been + V3 + by
agent
Simple Future Tense
Formula:
O + be + V3 + by agent
Future Perfect Tense
Formula:
O + will have been + V3
+ by agent
Past Future Perfect
Tense
Formula:
O + would have been +
V3 + by agent
Present Continuous
Tense
Formula:
O + (is, am, are) +
being + V3 + by agent
Past Continuous Tense
Formula:
O + (was, were) + being
+ V3 + by agent
Perfect Continuous
Tense
Formula:
O + (has/have) been +
being + V3 + by agent
Tidak ada komentar:
Posting Komentar