Prepositional Phrase

Prepositional phrase is a group of words that begins with a preposition and ends with a noun or a pronoun. This noun or pronoun is called the “object of the preposition.”

At the minimum, a prepositional phrase will begin with a preposition and end with a noun, pronoun gerund, or clause, the “object” of the preposition.

The will often have one or more to describe it. These are the patterns for a prepositional phrase:

Preposition + Noun, Pronoun, Gerund, or Clause

Or

Preposition + Modifier(s) + Noun, Pronoun, Gerund, or Clause

Advertisement

Advertising is a communication whose purpose is to inform potential customers about products and services and how to obtain and use them. Many advertisements are also designed to generate increased consumption of those products of brand image and brand loyalty. For these purposes advertisements often content both factual information and persuasive messages. Every major medium is used to deliver these messages, including: television, radio, movies, magazines, newspaper, video games, the internet and billboards. Advertising is often placed by an advertising agency on behalf of a company.

In short, Advertisement is:

Information for persuading and motivating people so that it will attack them to the service and the thing that are offered or informed.

Function of advertisement:

      Promotion

      Communication

      Information

In making an advertisement keep the following points:

1.      Language of advertisement

Using the correct or suitable words.

Using the interesting and suggestive expression.

Text of advertisement should be directed to the goals.

2.     Content of advertisements

Objective and honest.

Brief and clear.

Not mocking to group or other producer.

Perfect Tense

Perfect tense have 3 types:

1.      Present Perfect Tense

Present perfect tense is used for describing a past action’s effect on the present: he has arrived. Now he is here. This hold true for events that have just been secluded as well of for events that have not yet occurred.

Present perfect is formed by combining have/has with the main verb’s past participle form:

·         I have arrived

A negation is produced by inserting not after have/has:

·         I have not arrived

Questions in present perfect are formulated by starting a sentence with have/has:

·         Has she arrived?

Vocabs: Shapes, Parts of Body

Shapes

Greetings

Do you know about greeting?

Greetings is an act of communication in which human beings (as well as other members of the animal kingdom) intentionally make their presence known to each other, to show attention too, and suggest a type of relationship or social status between individuals or groups of people coming in contact with each other.

How do you greet other people?

1.       Good                           = morning, afternoon, evening, night.

2.       Hello                           = friend, …. (name of someone)

3.       How                            = 1. Are you?

        2. Are you getting alone?

        3. Are you doing?

     = Fine, thanks.

     = Pretty good, thanks.

     = I’m well, thanks.

     = Not bad, thanks.

4.       How’s                          = 1. Everything with you?

         2. Life?

Present Tense

Present tense is simple form which used to express situation going into effect in this time. Like habit, everyday fact or natural phenomenon.

Simple present tense to express habits, general truth, repeated actions or unchanging situations, emoticons and wishes.

Example:

       For habits                        = He drinks milk at breakfast

       For general truth               = Palangka Raya is a small city

       For repeated actions         = She only eats egg

       For unchanging  situation  = I work in Banjarmasin

Formula Verbal:

(+) S + verb I (-s/es) + object

(-)  S + do/does + not + verb I + object

(?) Do/does + S + verb I + object +?

Past Tense

1.   Simple Past Tense is used for describing acts that have already been concluded and whose exact time of occurrence is known. Furthermore, simple past is used for retelling successive events. That is why it is commonly used in storytelling.

Simple past tense is formed for regular verbs by adding –ed to the root of a word.

Example:

He walked to the store.

A negation is produced by adding did not and the verb in its infinitive form.

Example:

He did not walk to the store.

Question sentences are started with did as in did he walk to the store?

Procedure Text

Procedure is the set of steps which should be completed in the right sequence to get the goal. In our daily life, we often have to perform some steps to make or get something done.

Generic structure of procedure:

      Goal          : title of the text (especially for a recipe).

      Materials   : or the things we need to achieve the goal.

      Steps        : oriented to achieving the goal.

Generic features;

The use of simple present tense, often in an imperative from e.g. add some sugar, prepare it.

The use mainly of temporal conjunction (or numbering to indicate sequence especially in written text).

Narrative Text

Narrative Text is a text which contains about story (fiction/ non fiction /tales/ folktales/ fables/ myth/ epic) and its plot consists of climax of the story (complication) then followed by the resolution.

A narrative text is a text amuse, entertain and deal with actual or vicarious experience in different ways. Narrative deal with problematic events which lead to a crisis or turning point of some kind, which in turn finds a resolution.

The generic structure of a narrative text:

       Orientation        : it sets the scene and introduces the participants of the story.

       Complication     : it shows when the crisis arises.

    Resolution     : it shows when the crisis is resolved, for a better or worse condition.

Recount Text

Recount text is a text which retells events or experiences in the past. Purpose: to retell something that happened in the past and to tell a series of past event.

Generic structure of recount:

      Orientation      : introducing the participants, place and time.

      Events            : describing series of event that happened in the past.

   Re-orientation  : it is optional. Starting personal comment of the writer to the story.

Dominant language features:

      Using past tense

      Using action verb

      Using adjectives

      Using chronological connection: then, first, etc.

Announcement

Tahukah kamu apa itu pengumuman?  

Announcement (pengumuman) is something said, written, or printed to make known what has happened or (more often) what will happen.

In writing an announcement, keep the following points:

       The title/type of event

       Date/ time

       Place

       Contact person