Preposition In, On, & At

Yeaaay, akhirnyaaa… Selesai juga primbon Bahasa Inggris semester 2 saya. Dan ini adalah materi terakhir pada semester 2 ini. Selamat membaca dan semoga bermanfaat… :)

Definition of Preposition:

A preposition is a word, which is used to indicate different relations, such as place, time, method, manner, reason, and purpose, possession, direction, and motion. It is placed before a noun or a pronoun. The most common examples of prepositions in grammar are in, on, at.

Preposition In, on, and at can divided into two part to express place and time.

In

Expressing place:

·         In used to showing enclosed space around us.

  e.g.: I sleep in my bedroom

·         In used for geographic area such as country, city, province, district, and other.

  e.g.: I live in England.

Vocab Around of The House

Rooms In House

Word	Meaning
Attic	Storage room at the very top of the house
Basement	The lowest level of the house
Bathroom	The room for bathing and using the toilet
Bedroom	The room where people sleep
Dining room	In some houses this room is only used on special occasions
Hallway	Long narrow area that joins one room to another
Kitchen	Sometimes has a table ad chairs for eating informal meals
Living room	Place where family spends leisure time
Lobby	Area in the front entrance for hanging coats and placing shoes
Master bedroom	The largest bedroom in the house; used by parents
Nursery	Room for baby or young child
Pantry	Room of the kitchen for keeping dry foods and storage items
Playroom	Indoor area for kids to play
Rec room	Often in basement
Sun room	Enclosed room with large windows

Passive Voice

Guys, do you know about passive voice? Now, we will discuss it. Cekidooot!!!!

Definition:

The passive voice is a grammatical construction (a “voice”) in which the subject of a sentence or clause denotes the recipient of the action (the patient) rather than the performer (the agent). In the English language, the English passive voice is a formed with an auxiliary verb (usually be or get) plus a participle (usually the past participle) of a transitive verb.

Construction of the Passive Voice

Subject + auxiliary verb (be) + main verb (past participle)

The main verb is always in its past participle form.

Look at these examples:

Subject	Auxiliary Verb (to be)		Main Verb (past participle)
Water	Is		Drunk	By everyone
100 people	Are		Employed	By this company
I	Am		Paid	In euro
We	Are	not	Paid	In dollars
Are	They		Paid	In yen?

Introductory It

Introductory It? Ada yang tauu?

Ga tau ya? Ya sudah, yuk mari liat pembahasan di bawah ini!!!

In this pattern, it has no meaning. It is used only to fill the subject position in the sentence. Thus, it is called introductory “it”.

Introductory “it” as a subject:

A : To watch musical programs is pleasant.

B : It is pleasant to watch musical program.

Introductory it with seem, appear and look.

Gratitude, Compliment, and Congratulations

Ada yang tau apa itu Gratitude, Compliment & Congratulation??? Belum tauu? Penasaran? Cari tau dong! Di bawah ini ada pembahasan mengenai materi tersebut. Yuuk teman, mari kita liat :)

Gratitude is an expression that we show or say to express grateful feeling to other people. When speaking English, you say “thanks” very often. Please say “thank you” when people give you something, help you do something, wish you something and give you a compliment etc.

Some expression of gratitude:

•          Thank you very much.

•          Thank you for your help.

•          I’m really very grateful to you.

•          You’re welcome.

Asking If Someone Remembers or Not

Hi, my name is Sam. Do you remember me?

Sobat, pernah ga kamu bertanya kayak gitu sama temenmu setelah sekian lama  kalian ga ketemu? Pasti pernah dong. Yup, semua orang pasti pernah. Untuk memastikan seseorang masih ingat atau ga, pasti kita berusaha untuk bertanya, kan? Dalam bahasa Inggris, hal semacam ini dinamakan dengan Asking If Someone Remembers or Not. Untuk informasi lebih lanjut, silakan baca di bawah ini…

Formal Expressions:

•          I wonder if you remember…

•          You remember…, don’t you?

•          You haven’t forgotten…, have you?

•          Don’t you remember…?

•          Do you happen to remember it now?

Ways to Respond:

•          Let me think, yes, I remember.

•          I remember especially the scenery.

•          I’ll never forget that.

•          I’ll always remember.

•          I can remember it clearly.

Offering

Teman, akhirnya kita sampai juga ke topik offering...

Bagi teman-teman yang penasaran gimana caranya nawarin sesuatu sama orang lain bisa kok nambah pengetahuan di sini. Ada berbagai pengetahuan mengenai offering, mulai dari pengertian offering, cara mengungkapkan offering secara formal maupun informal, contoh-contohnya, cara menerima dan menolak offering itu sendiri, dan masih banyak lagi deh.

Di bawah ini ada beberapa pengertian offering. Yuuuk teman, mari kita liat :)

Definition of Offering:

1.        The act of making an offer.
2.        Something, such as stock, that is offered. 
3.        A contribution or gift, especially one made at a religious service.

The expression of “Would you like…” is normally used for offering something to someone.

Udah pada tau kan apa itu offering? Karena udah tau pengertian offering, kita bisa lanjut ke pembuatan contoh-contoh kalimatnya, udah gitu kita juga bisa belajar membuat dialog yang berhubungan dengan materi ini. Teman-teman bisa liat di bawah ini. Selamat membaca :D

Example of Offering To:

Offering to older people:

• ·         Would you like a cup of tea, Mrs. Shelly?

• ·         Should I get you a bottle of water?

• ·         Could I offer you a glass of milk, Mr. Andre?

• ·         Would you care for some chocolate?

Simple Future

Ini adalah pembahasan mengenai Simple Future. Silakan dibaca dan semoga bermanfaat :)

Definition:

Simple future tense is used to denote activities or events that will be done in the future. Among all forms of future tenses, Simple Future is the most common, used in many situations such as when making appointments, predictions or plans.

Function of Simple Future: 

The simple future refers to a time later than now, and expresses facts or certainly. In the case there is no ‘attitude’.

The simple future is used:

•          To predict a future event.

Example:

It will rain tomorrow.

•          To express willingness

Noun Phrases

What is noun phrase?

•          A noun phrase is a word or group of words in a sentence that act like a noun. A word group with a noun or pronoun as its head. The noun head can be accompanied by modifiers, determiners (such as the, a, her), and /or complements.

•          A noun phrase (often abbreviated as NP) most commonly functions as a subject, object, or complement.

•          A noun phrase generally includes one or more modifying words, but allowance is usually made for single-word minimal noun phrases that are composed only of a noun or pronoun.

Example:

You could say “I met Joan.”

In this sentence the word Joan is a noun.

You could replace Joan with a group of words (a phrase) and say, “I met your sister.”

Your sister is a phrase (a group of words without a finite verb), and it functions as a noun in the sentence.

So we call it a noun phrase.

Finite Verb

Definition of finite verb:

•          Also called a main verb

•          A verb that has a subject

•          A verb that shows tense, person, and number

•          Can be the main verb in a sentence

Moods in Finite Verb 

a.       Indicative Mood (expressing a state of affairs)

      Example: The coffee is hot. 

b.      Imperative Mood (giving a command)

      Example: Make the coffee hot. 

c.    Subjunctive Mood (expressing something that might or might not be the state of affairs, depending on some other part of the sentence)

     Example: If the coffee was hot, I would drink it.

News Item

                News item is a text which informs readers about events of the day. The events are considered newsworthy or important.

Generic structure:

•          Newsworthy event(s): recount(s) the event(s) in summary form.

•          Background events: elaborate what happened, to whom, in what circumstances.

•          Sources: comments by participants in, witness to and authorities’ expert on the event.

Language features:

•          Short telegraphic information about story captured in headline.

•          Generally using simple past tense.

•          Use of material processes to retell the event.

•          Using action verbs, e.g.: were, run, go, kill, etc.

•          Using saying verbs, e.g.: say, tell.

•          Focus on circumstances.

•          Use of projecting verbal processes in sources stages

Direct & Indirect Speech

                Direct speech is refers to reproducing another person exact word. We use quotation marks (“ “).

Examples:

•          She says to her friend, “I have been writing.”

•          She has told you, “I am reading.”

•          She will say, “The boy wasn’t lazy.”

•          She will say, “You have done wrongly.”

Indirect speech (also called Reported Speech) is used to communicate what someone else said, but without using the exact words.

Examples:

•          Direct speech: “I’m going to the cinema”, she said.

               Indirect speech: He said that he was going to the cinema.

•          Direct speech: She will say, “You have done wrongly.”

               Indirect speech: She will tell you that you have done wrongly.

•          Direct speech: She will say, “The boy wasn’t lazy.”

               Indirect speech: She will tell them that the boy wasn’t lazy.

There are 3 kinds of indirect speech: 

1.       Imperative (command/request) 

2.       Interrogative (question) 

3.       Declarative (statement)

Asking For Information

Dalam keseharian, tentu kita tak lepas dari yang namanya bertanya. Iya kan? Tak hanya bertanya sekedar basi-basi, bertanya dengan tujuan untuk memperoleh informasi juga sering kita lakukan. Ada yang tahu cara mencari informasi dengan menggunakan bahasa Inggris? Ada yang udah tahu? Di bawah ini ada pembahasan mengenai materi tersebut. Kebetulan, materi ini adalah materi presentasi Bahasa Inggris saya bersama Istiningtyas Nurdzahabiyyah di sekolah pada semester 2 ini. Mungkin penjelasan ini hanya sedikit, tapi saya harap ini dapat berguna bagi para pembaca. So, untuk tahu lebih lengkapnya tinggal baca di bawah ini. Selamat membaca :)

Definition:

Asking for information is one way of communicating the purpose of obtaining or asking for information person unknown.

The use of WH-Question

•       When

•       Where

•       What

•       Why

•       Who

•       How

 Information about company
- What does your company do?
- What is your specialty?
- What do you specialize in?
- What is your main line of business?

Descriptive Text

Descriptive text is a text which says what a person or a thing is like. Its purpose is to describe and reveal a particular person, place, or thing.

Generic structure:

·         Identification 

      Identifying the phenomenon to be described.

·        Description

Describing the phenomenon in parts, qualities, or/and characteristics.

Language features:

• ·         Using simple present tense.

• ·         Using action verbs.

• ·         Using passive voice.

• ·         Using noun phrase.

• ·         Using adverbial phrase.

• ·         Using technical terms.

• ·         Using general and abstract noun.

• ·         Using conjunction of time and clause-effect.

Modals In The Past Form

Guys, dalam bahasa Indonesia, modals in the past form berarti kata bantu atau pengandaian dalam bentuk lampau.

When do we use modals?

·         To talk about someone’s ability (or inability) to do something.

Example: “We can find your house without the street plan.”

“She can’t have a daughter that old!”

·         To talk about an action that is necessary (or impossible or not necessary).

Example: “You must always have your driver’s license when you are driving your car.”

“You needn’t carry your passport around with you.”

·       To talk about a situation that is possible (or impossible).

Example: “Be careful with that glass, the baby might knock it over.”

Narrative Text

                  Narrative text is a kind of text to retell the story that past tense. The purpose of the text is to entertain or to amuse the readers or listeners about the story.

Generic structure:

·         Orientation         : sets the scene and introduces the participants.

·         Evaluation          : a stepping back to evaluate the plight.

·         Complication      : a crisis arises.

·         Resolution          : the crisis is resolved, for better or for worse.

·         Re-orientation    : optional.

Language feature:

·         Use adjective verbs.

·         Use past tense.

·         Use conjunction.

·         The first person (I or we) or third person (he, she, or they).

·         Use specific noun.

·         Use adjective and adverbs.

Surprises & Disbelief

Surprises is a feeling that we feel when heard an amazing news which surprised and amazed us an expression that we show or say, when we know or we hear or see something that rather difficult to believe. Used to express something that we can’t or impossible.
 

Disbelief is a state of the mind in which one is fully persuaded that an opinion, assertion, or doctrine is not true; refusal of assent, credit, or credence; denial of belief.

Some expressing of surprise and disbelief in formal and informal:

Formal

I find that very surprising.

I must say it surprises me.

I find it extraordinary.

Indeed?

How very surprising.

I must say it surprises me.